Fiber optic splitter play a pivotal role in distributing optical signal within modern communication network. Among the most commonly used type, ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) splitter and FBT (Fused Biconical Taper) splitter stand out for their unique designs and application. As a leading provider of fiber optic solution, Weunion specialize in delivering high-performance splitter for diverse networking needs. This comprehensive guide explores the key disparities between ABS and FBT splitter, helping you make an informed choice for your infrastructure.
Core Definitions: ABS vs. FBT Splitter
What Is ABS Splitter?
ABS splitter, often referred to as a PLC (Planar Lightwave Circuit) splitter, utilizes integrated optical waveguide technology on a silicon substrate. This planar design enables precise signal division through photolithography processes, making it ideal for high-density, multi-channel applications.
What Is FBT Splitter?
FBT splitter is created by fusing and tapering multiple optical fibers, forming a biconical structure that splits light through evanescent field coupling. This traditional method is simpler and more cost-effective for low-channel count setups.
Key Differences: ABS vs. FBT Splitter
1.Splitting Ratio and Channel Capacity
| Feature | ABS (PLC) Splitter | FBT Splitter |
| Typical Ratios | 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, up to 1:64 (even 1:128 for custom) | 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 (rarely exceeds 1:16) |
| Channel Uniformity | ±0.3 dB (high precision) | ±0.8 dB (moderate precision) |
| Signal Balance | Consistent across all ports | Slight variations in higher splits |
ABS Advantage: Suits large-scale FTTH networks requiring uniform distribution to 64+ endpoints.
FBT Limitation: Best for small-scale splits (1:8 or lower) where precision is secondary.
2.Wavelength Range and Bandwidth
ABS Splitter:
Operates across 1260–1650 nm (supports DWDM, CWDM, and PON systems).
Ideal for multi-wavelength applications like 1310 nm/1490 nm PON or 1550 nm CATV integration.
FBT Splitter:
Limited to 850 nm/1310 nm (multimode) or narrow single-mode bands (1310 nm/1550 nm).
Suitable for single-wavelength networks like basic LAN or short-haul data links.
3.Temperature Dependence and Stability
Temperature-Dependent Loss (TDL):
ABS: <0.3 dB variation over -40°C to +85°C (industrial-grade models).
FBT: <0.5 dB variation over 0°C to +70°C (standard models).
Environmental Resilience:
ABS splitters excel in harsh environments (e.g., outdoor cabinets or industrial zones) due to their robust packaging.
FBT splitters require temperature-controlled enclosures for optimal performance.
4.Manufacturing Process and Cost
ABS Splitter:
Complex fabrication via photolithography and etching, leading to higher initial costs.
Economical for high-channel counts (cost per port decreases with scale).
FBT Splitter:
Simplified fusion-tapering process, making it cheaper for low-channel splits (1:2 to 1:8).
Cost inefficiency becomes evident for splits beyond 1:16.
Application Scenarios: When to Choose Each Type
Ideal Uses for ABS Splitter
FTTH/PON Network: Distributing signals to multiple households (1:32, 1:64 splits).
Data Center: High-density cabling for server farms and cloud infrastructures.
Telecom Backhaul: Multi-wavelength signal division in metro networks.
Ideal Uses for FBT Splitter
Small-Scale LAN: Office buildings or small campuses (1:2, 1:4 splits).
Industrial Monitoring: Single-wavelength sensor networks in factories.
Legacy System: Upgrading copper networks to fiber on a tight budget.
Performance Comparison Chart
| Metric | ABS (PLC) Splitter | FBT Splitter |
| Insertion Loss | 3.5 dB (1:4) to 19 dB (1:64) | 3 dB (1:2) to 10 dB (1:8) |
| Return Loss | >55 dB | >45 dB |
| Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) | <0.1 dB | <0.3 dB |
| Mechanical Stability | Excellent (glass substrate) | Good (fiber fusion joint) |
Weunion’s Expert Solution for Fiber Optic Splitter
At Weunion, we offer tailored splitter solutions to meet diverse network requirements:
ABS/PLC Splitter:
1xN/2xN configurations up to 1×128, with LSZH or waterproof enclosures.
Compliant with ITU-T G.657 and GR-326 standards for PON applications.
FBT Splitter:
1×2 to 1×16 models in simplex/duplex designs, ideal for quick deployments.
Ruggedized versions with IP65-rated casings for outdoor use.
Custom Solution:
Hybrid splitters combining ABS and FBT technologies for unique setups.
Pre-terminated splitter panels for plug-and-play network installations.
Contact Us:
For personalized recommendations or bulk orders, email keren.qin@weunion.com.cn. Our team of optical engineers will help you select the optimal splitter solution for your network’s performance and budget needs.
